Dr. Kenneth Cooper: The Understated Father of Aerobics

The father of modern aerobics (he coined the term in 1966), Dr. Ken Cooper was a dedicated proponent of exercise as medicine long before the phrase was an accepted truism. He is part of the first class of inductees into the The HFA Hall of Fame.

It’s widely accepted that regular aerobic exercise can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and extend longevity. But when fitness pioneer Dr. Kenneth Cooper introduced this concept in the 1960s, it was considered controversial—or worse.

Cooper spent years at odds with the mainstream medical establishment, even once being threatened with losing his medical license. But he persevered as he gathered research from consented patients that proved the link between physical activity and improved health outcomes.

Today, Cooper, now 94 years old, is recognized as a visionary whose contributions to the world of health and wellness changed the way we all think about exercise.

Cooper 11

Dr. Kenneth Cooper

Discovering ‘Aerobics’

Cooper served as a surgeon in the US Army for two years before transferring to the US Air Force in 1959. There, he helped create the conditioning program to prepare astronauts for space, along with a series of fitness tests that are still used today, including the 12-minute treadmill stress test and the Aerobics Points System.

These tests gave him insights into the relationship between exercise and cardiovascular fitness. It led him to coin the term “aerobics,” which he would later introduce to the world with Aerobics, the first of his what will soon be 20 books.

In 1970, Cooper left the Air Force and moved with his family to Dallas, where he opened the Cooper Aerobics Center, a preventive medicine and research institute.

In June 1970, he established The Cooper Institute, a nonprofit education and research institute focused on preventive medicine and physical activity and opened Cooper Clinic six months later to bridge the gap between scientific legitimacy and faddism. (In 2024, The Cooper Institute partnered with Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and became the Kenneth H. Cooper Institute.)

Cooper began by experimenting with treadmill stress testing, which was unheard of at the time. Based on his tests of Air Force members, Cooper and his team made a groundbreaking discovery.

“We showed that stress testing on a maximal performance treadmill stress test can not only determine level of fitness, but it can pick up early coronary disease,” he says.

Today, the research is known as the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study, the largest of its kind.

Cooper Award

Dr. Kenneth Cooper was inducted into the HFA Hall of Fame on Tuesday, March 11, 2025 at The HFA Show 2025 in Las Vegas.

Defying the Establishment

Despite this progress, his experiments were not well received by the medical community. Cooper championed shifting the field of medicine from treatment to prevention, which alarmed many of his colleagues. The Dallas Board of Censures even considered revoking his medical license for conducting treadmill tests on people with heart disease.

When he was called before the board, Cooper presented the treadmill stress test data he had collected on people with and without coronary disease, demonstrating such a convincing case for the benefits of these tests that the board voted against revoking his license.

Despite winning the battle, Cooper still faced tremendous resistance from the establishment. Then the tide shifted. Through his books, international speaking tours, and, most importantly, the health benefits patients gained from his treatment recommendations, Cooper earned the trust of people all over the world. Tens of thousands would travel to Texas to consult with him, and those who didn’t visit in person wrote letters of appreciation.

Cooper’s determination during the dark times was fueled by his devout Christian faith, according to his son, Dr. Tyler Cooper. “He wants to serve other people through the gifts he’s been given,” Tyler says.

Today, the Cooper Aerobics Center, which began as a two-room office, now encompasses six businesses, including a fitness center with more than 56,000 square feet of indoor amenities and 30 acres of outdoor space. The center
is home to Cooper Clinic, a comprehensive care center with many specialties, from cardiology to sleep medicine to nutrition, and a day spa, hotel, supplements company and B2B arm.

“They told me 54 years ago that I could not be successful in limiting my practice to taking care of healthy people,” Cooper says. Now, the Cooper Clinic boasts a six-month waiting list and a 74% return rate of patients.

Cooper is now routinely honored by the groups that once shunned him, including the Dallas County Medical Society and the Texas Medical Association, which recently offered him an honorary lifetime membership.

“My first response was, ‘You’re sure you have the right Dr. Cooper?’” Cooper recalls.

His contributions fundamentally changed the way physicians and other healthcare professionals practice medicine, says Tedd L. Mitchell, MD, chancellor of Texas Tech University System.

“We take for granted that physical fitness and lifestyle habits are important components of a healthy routine, but we often don’t appreciate that it was the efforts of Dr. Cooper and a handful of other pioneers who, like him, created the foundation for the work we all do today,” Mitchell says.

Former Texas Governor Rick Perry, a long-time patient of Cooper, worked with him to introduce Texas Senate Bill 530 in 2007 to make FitnessGram, a health-related fitness assessment program designed to combat obesity and poor health in children, a mandatory statewide program.

“No one in historic, present, or future terms will have as much impact on physical health and mental health as Dr. Kenneth Cooper. His relentless drive, his substantial focus and his love for mankind as well as his vision for a better, healthier future is unequaled,” Perry says.

Another of Cooper’s patients, Arthur Blank, the co-founder of The Home Depot and owner of the Atlantic Falcons, says, “From the very start of his career in the military, he has embodied a deep commitment to service. He has become a cornerstone of modern fitness, inspiring generations to embrace active lifestyles and prioritize preventive healthcare.”

Cooper continues to lecture around the world and recently completed a four part documentary series, The Power of Prevention. Retirement isn’t an option.

Despite the data showing that regular exercise can improve health and prolong life, many people still suffer from poor health due to lack of physical activity.

There’s still work to do.

Author avatar

HFA Staff @HealthFitAssoc

This article was a team effort by several HFA experts.

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